FD Rapid GolgiStain™ Kit 

Cat. # PK401                                                       Price: $468.16                              Cat. # PK401-C (solution C only, 250 ml)     Price: $80.00

Golgi-Cox impregnation1,2 has been one of the most effective techniques for studying both the normal and abnormal morphology of neurons as well as glia. Using the Golgi technique, subtle morphological alterations in neuronal dendrites and dendritic spines have been discovered in the brains of animals treated with drugs as well as in the postmortem brains of patients with neurological diseases3,4. However, the reliability and time-consuming process of Golgi staining have been major obstacles to the widespread application of this technique.

FD Rapid GolgiStain™ kit is designed based on the principle of the methods described by Ramón- Moliner2, Glaser and Van der Loos5.  This kit has not only dramatically improved and simplified the Golgi-Cox technique but also proven to be extremely reliable and sensitive for demonstrating morphological details of neurons and glia, especially dendritic spines. The FD Rapid GolgiStain™ kit has been tested extensively and widely used on the brains from several species of animals as well as on the specimens of postmortem human brains (cf. photo samples and references using this kit below).

Kit Contents:

                    Store at room temperature

Solution A                                        250 ml 
Solution B                                        250 ml 
Solution C                                        250 ml x 2 
Solution D                                        250 ml 
Solution E                                        250 ml 
Glass Specimen Retriever           2  
Natural hair paintbrush                  2 
Dropping bottle                               1  
User Manual                                    1 

Materials required, but not included:  

  • Double distilled or Milli-Q water.

  • Plastic or glass tubes or vials. 

  • Histological supplies and equipment, including gelatin-coated microscope slides, coverslips, staining jars, ethanol,  xylene or xylene substitutes, resinous mounting medium (e.g. Permount®), and a light microscope.

User Manual (PK401, Version 2006-02) Get Acrobat Reader

MSDS (PK401, 030104)

References: 

  1. Corsi P: Camillo Golgi’s morphological approach to neuroanatomy. In Masland RL, Portera-Sanchez A and Toffano G (eds.), Neuroplasticity: a new therapeutic tool in the CNS pathology, pp 1-7. Berlin: Springer, 1987.

  2. Ramón-Moliner E: The Golgi-Cox technique. In Nauta WJH and Ebbesson SOE (eds.), Contemporary Methods in Neuroanatomy. pp 32-55, New York: Springer, 1970.

  3. Graveland GA, Williams RS and DiFiglia M: Evidence for degenerative and regenerative changes in neostriatal spiny neurons in Huntington’s disease. Science 227:770-773, 1985.

  4. Robinson TE and Kolb B: Persistent structural modification in nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex neurons produced by previous experience with amphetamine. J. Neurosci. 17:8491-8497, 1997.

  5. Glaser ME and Van der Loos H: Analysis of thick brain sections by obverse-reverse computer microscopy: application of a new, high clarity Golgi-Nissl stain. J. Neurosci. Methods 4:117-125, 1981.

References using FD Rapid Golgistain™ kit:

  1. Ampuero E, Dagnino-Subiabre A, Sandoval R, Zepeda-carreno R, Sandoval S, Viedma A, Aboitiz F, Orrego F and Wyneken U. Status epilepticus induces region-specific changes in dendritic spines, dendritic length and TrkB protein content of rat brain cortex.  Brain Research 1150:225-238, 2007.

  2. Cornejo BJ, Mesches MH, Coultrap S, Browning MD and Benke TA. A single episode of neonatal seizures permanently alters glutamatergic synapses.  Annals of Neurology 61:411-426, 2007.

  3. Fünfschilling U, Saher G, Xiao L, Möbius W and Nave A. Survival of adult neurons lacking cholesterol synthesis in vivo.  BMC Neurosci. 8:1, 2007.

  4. Johnson DA, Zhang J, Frase S, Wilson M, Rodriguez-Galindo C and Dyer MA. Neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis in retinoblastoma.  Cancer Research 67:2701-2711, 2007.

  5. Keays DA, Tian G, Poirier K, Huang GJ, Siebold C, Cleak J, Oliver PL, Fray M, Harvey RJ, Molnar Z, Pinon MC, Dear N, Valdar W, Brown SDM, Davies KE, Rawlins JNP, Cowan NJ, Nolan P, Chelly J and Flint J. Mutations in α-tubulin cause abnormal neuronal migratiomice and lissencephaly in humans.  Cell 128:45-57, 2007.

  6. Li L,Yun SH, Keblesh J, Trommer BL, Xiong H, Radulovic J and Tourtellotte WG. Egr3, a synaptic activity regulated transcription factor that is essential for learning and memory.  Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 35:76-88, 2007.

  7. Nielsen JV, Nielsen FH, Ismail R, Noraberg J and Jensen NA . Hippocampus-like corticoneurogenesis induced by two isoforms of the BTB-zinc finger gene Zbtb20 in mice.  Development  134:1133-1140, 2007.

  8. Ostwald D, Karpac J and Hochgeschwender U. Effects on hippocampus of lifelong absence of glucocorticoids in the pro-opiomelanocortin null mutant mouse reveal complex relationship between glucocorticoids and hippocampal structure and function.  J. Molecular Neuroscience 28:291-302, 2007.

  9. Sadakata T, Kakegawa W, Mizoguchi A, Washida M, Katoh-Semba R, Shutoh F, Okamoto T, Nakashima H, Kimura K, Tanaka M, Sekine Y, Itohara S, Yuzaki M, Nagao S and Furuich T. Impaired cerebellar development and function in mice lacking CAPS2, a protein involved in neurotrophin release.  J. Neuroscience  27:2472-2482, 2007.

  10. Shu Y, Duque A, Yu Y, Haider B and McCormick DA. Properties of  action potential initiation in neocortical pyramidal cells: evidence from whole cell axon recordings.  J. Neurophysiology  97:746-760, 2007.

  11. Soderling SH, Guire ES, Kaech S, White J, Zhang F, Schutz K, Langeberg LK, Banker G, Raber J and Scott JD. A WAVE-1 and WRP signaling complex regulates spine density, synaptic plasticity, and memory.   J. Neuroscience 27:355-365, 2007.

  12. Wallace M, Frankfurt M, Arellanos A, Inagaki T and Luine V. Impaired recognition memory and decreased prefrontal cortex spine density in aged female rats.  Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1097:54-57, 2007. 

  13. Watase K, Gatchel JR, Sun Y, Emamian E, Atkinson R, Richman R, Mizusawa H, Orr HT, Shaw C and  Zoghbi HY. Lithium therapy improves neurological function and hippocampal dendritic arborization in a spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 mouse model.  PLoS Medicine  4:836-847, 2007.

  14. Adhami F, Liao GH, Morozov YM, Schloemer A, Schmithorst VJ, Lorenz JN, Dunn RS, Vorhees CV, Wills-Karp M, Degen JL, Davis RJ, Mizushima N, Rakic P, Dardzinski BJ, Holland SK, Sharp FR and Kuan CY. Cerebral ischemia-hypoxia induces intravascular coagulation and autophagy.  American J. Pathology 169:566-583, 2006.

  15. Buss RR, Gould TW, Ma J, Vinsant S, Prevette D, Winseck A, Toops KA, Hammarback JA, Smith TL and Oppenheim RW. Neuromuscular development in the absence of programmed cell death: phenotypic alteration of motoneurons and muscle.  J. Neuroscience 26:13413-13427, 2006.

  16. Dang MT, Yokoi FY, Yin HH, Lovinger DM, Wang Y and Li Y. Disrupted motor learning and longterm synaptic plasticity in mice lacking NMDAR1 in the striatum.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:15254-15259, 2006.

  17. Elia LP, Yamamoto M, Zang K and Reichardt LF. p120 catenin regulates dendritic spine and synapse development through Rho-family GTPases and cadherins.  Neuron 51:43-56, 2006.

  18. Huang Z, Shimazu K, Woo NH, Zang K, Müller U, Lu B and Reichardt LF. Distinct roles of the β1-class integrins at the developing and the mature hippocampal excitatory synapse.                           J. Neuroscience 26:11208-11219, 2006.

  19. Inan M, Lu HC, Albright MJ, She WC and Crair MC. Barrel map development relies on protein kinase A regulatory subunit II β-mediated cAMP signaling.  J. Neuroscience 26:4338-4349, 2006.

  20. Jacobsen JS, Wu CC, Redwine JM, Comery TA, Arias R, Bowlby M, Martone R, Morrison JH, Pangalos, MN, Reinhart PH and Bloom FE.  Early-onset behavioral and synaptic deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:5161-5166, 2006. 

  21. Kleen JK, Sitomer MT, Killeen PR and Conrad CD. Chronic stress impairs spatial memory and motivation for reward without disrupting motor ability  and motivation to explore.  Behavioral Neuroscience 120:842-851, 2006.

  22. Luine V, Attalla S, Mohan G, Costa A and Frankfurt M. Dietary phytoestrogens enhance spatial memory and spine density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of ovariectomized rats.  Brain Research 1126:183-187, 2006.

  23. Maezawa I, Zaja-Milatovic S, Milatovic D, Stephen C, Sokal I, Maeda N, Montine TJ and Montine KS. Apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent dendritic recovery of hippocampal neurons following activation of innate immunity.  J. Neuroinflammation  3:21, 2006.

  24. Melendez-Ferro M, Perez-Costas E and Roberts RC. Golgi staining of long-term stored human brain tissue.  FENS Abstr. 3:A059.20, 2006.

  25. Moretti P, Levenson JM, Battaglia F, Atkinson R, Teague R, Antalffy B, Armstrong D, Arancia O, Sweatt JD and Zoghbi HY. Learning and memory and synaptic plasticity are impaired in a mouse model  of Rett syndrome.  J. Neuroscience 26:319-327, 2006.

  26. Poet M, Kornak U, Schweizer M, Zdebik AA, Scheel O, Hoelter S, Wurst W, Schmitt A, Fuhrmann JC, Planells-Cases R, Mole SE, Hubner CA and Jentsch TJ. Lysosomal storage disease upon disruption of the neuronal chloride transport protein CIC-6.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:13854-13859, 2006.

  27. Wallace M, Luine V, Arellanos A and Frankfurt M. Ovariectomized rats show decreased recognition memory and spine density in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.  Brain Research 1126:176-182, 2006.

  28. Watson KK, Jones TK and Allman JM. Dendritic architecture of the von Economo neurons.  Neuroscience 141:1107-1112, 2006.

  29. Björkblom B, Östman N, Hongisto V, Komarovski V, Filén JJ, Nyman TA, Kallunki T, Courtney MJ and Coffey ET. Constitutively active cytoplasmic c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 is a dominant regulator of dendritic architecture: role of microtubule-associated protein 2 as an effector.               J. Neuroscience 25:6350-6361, 2005.

  30. Dagnino-Subiabre A, Terreros G, Carmona-Fontaine C, Zepeda R, Orellana JA, Diaz-Veliz G, Mora S and Aboitiz F. Chronic stress impairs acoustic conditioning more than visual conditioning in rats: morphological and behavioural evidence.  Neuroscience 135:1067-1074, 2005.

  31. Grillet N, Pattyn A, Contet C, Kieffer BL, Goridis C and JF Brunet. Generation and characterization of Rgs4 mutant mice.  Molecular and Cellular Biology 25:4221-4228, 2005.

  32. Gu X, Li C, Wei W, Lo V, Gong S, Li SH, Iwasato T, Itohara S, Li XJ, Mody I, Heintz N and Yang XW. Pathological cell-cell interactions elicited by a neuropathogenic form of mutant huntingtin contribute to cortical pathogenesis in HD mice.  Neuron 46:433-444, 2005.

  33. Ishikura N, Clever JL, Bouzamondo-Bernstein E, Samayoa E, Prusiner SB, Huang EJ and DeArmond SJ. Notch-1 activation and dendritic atrophy in prion disease.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:886-891, 2005.

  34. Laub F, Lei L, Sumiyoshi H, Kajimura D, Dragomir C, Smaldone S, Puche AC, Petros TJ, Mason C, Parada LF and Ramirez F. Transcription factor KLF7 is important for neuronal morphogenesis in selected regions of the nervous system.  Molecular and Cellular Biology 25:5699-5711, 2005.

  35.  McLaughlin KJ, Baran SE, Wright RL and Conrad CD. Chronic stress enhances spatial memory in ovariectomized female rats despite CA3 dendritic retraction: possible involvement of CA1 neurons.  Neuroscience 135:1045-1054, 2005.

  36. Niewmierzycka A, Mills J, St-Arnaud R, Dedhar S and Reichardt LF. Integrin-linked kinase deletion from mouse cortex results in cortical lamination defects resembling cobblestone lissencephaly.  J. Neuroscience 25:7022-7031, 2005.

  37. Pyter LM, Reader BF and Nelson RJ. Short photoperiods impair spatial learning and alter hippocampal dendritic morphology in adult male white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus).        J. Neuroscience 25:4521-4526, 2005.

  38. Ramanan N, Shen Y, Sarsfield S, Lemberger T, Schütz G, Linden DJ and Ginty DD. SRF mediates activity-induced gene expression and synaptic plasticity but not neuronal viability.  Nature Neuroscience 8:759-767, 2005.

  39. Ren-Patterson RF, Cochran LW, Holmes A, Sherrill S, Huang SJ, Tolliver T, Lesch KP, Lu B and Murphy DL. Loss of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene allele exacerbates brain monoamine deficiencies and increases stress abnormalities of serotonin transporter knockout mice.               J. Neurosci. Res. 79:756-771, 2005.

  40. Amateau SK and McCarthy MM. Induction of PGE2 by estradiol mediates developmental masculinization of sex behavior.  Nature Neuroscience 7:643-650, 2004.

  41. Beggs HE, Schahin-Reed D, Zang K, Goebbels S, Nave KA, Gorski J, Jones KR, Sretavan D and Reichardt LF. FAK deficiency in cells contributing to the basal lamina results in cortical abnormalities resembling congenital muscular dystrophies.  Neuron 40:501-514, 2003.

  42. Dahl JP, Wang-Dunlop J, Gonzales C, Goad MEP, Mark RJ and Kwak SP. Characterization of the WAVE1 knock-out  mouse: implications for CNS development.  J. Neuroscience 23:3343-3352, 2003.

  43. Mlatovic D, Zaja-Milatovic S, Montine KS, Horner PJ and Montine TJ. Pharmacologic suppression of neuronal oxidative damage and dendritic degeneration following direct activation of glial innate immunity in mouse cerebrum.  J. Neurochem. 87:1518-1526, 2003.   

                                                                (Updated 07/13/07)

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